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1. What is Exploratory Testing?
Exploratory testing is a hands-on approach in which testers are involved in minimum planning and maximum test execution. The planning involves the creation of a test charter, a short declaration of the scope of a short (1 to 2 hour) time-boxed test effort, the objectives and possible approaches to be used. The test design and test execution activities are performed in parallel typically without formally documenting the test conditions, test cases or test scripts. This does not mean that other, more formal testing techniques will not be used. For example, the tester may decide to use boundary value analysis but will think through and test the most important boundary values without necessarily writing them down. Some notes will be written during the exploratory-testing session, so that a report can be produced afterwards.
2. What is "use case testing"?
In order to identify and execute the functional requirement of an application from start to finish "use case" is used and the techniques used to do this is known as "Use Case Testing"
3. What is the difference between STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) and SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) ?
SDLC deals with developement/coding of the software while STLC deales with validation and verification of the software
4. What is traceability matrix?
The relationship between test cases and requirements is shown with the help of a document. This document is known as traceability matrix.
5. What is Equivalence partitioning testing?
Equivalence partitioning testing is a software testing technique which divides the application input test data into each partition at least once of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. By this testing method it reduces the time required for software testing.
6. What is white box testing and list the types of white box testing?
White box testing technique involves selection of test cases based on an analysis of the internal structure (Code coverage, branches coverage, paths coverage, condition coverage etc.) of a component or system. It is also known as Code-Based testing or Structural testing. Different types of white box testing are
7. In white box testing what do you verify?
In white box testing following steps are verified.
8. What is black box testing? What are the different black box testing techniques?
Black box testing is the software testing method which is used to test the software without knowing the internal structure of code or program. This testing is usually done to check the functionality of an application. The different black box testing techniques are
9. What is the difference between static and dynamic testing?
Static testing: During Static testing method, the code is not executed and it is performed using the software documentation.
Dynamic testing: To perform this testing the code is required to be in an executable form.
10. What is verification and validation?
Verification is a process of evaluating software at development phase and to decide whether the product of a given application satisfies the specified requirements. Validation is the process of evaluating software at the end of the development process and to check whether it meets the customer requirements.
11. What are different test levels?
There are four test levels
12. What is Integration testing?
Integration Testing is a level of software testing process, where individual units of an application are combined and tested. It is usually performed after unit and functional testing.
13. What are the tables in testplans?
Test design, scope, test strategies , approach are various details that Test plan document consists of.
14. What is the difference between UAT (User Acceptance Testing) and System testing?
System Testing: System testing is finding defects when the system under goes testing as a whole, it is also known as end to end testing. In such type of testing, the application undergoes from beginning till the end.
UAT: User Acceptance Testing (UAT) involves running a product through a series of specific tests which determines whether the product will meet the needs of its users.
15. Mention the difference between Data Driven Testing and Retesting?
Retesting: It is a process of checking bugs that are actioned by development team to verify that they are actually fixed.
Data Driven Testing (DDT): In data driven testing process, application is tested with multiple test data. Application is tested with different set of values.
16. What are the valuable steps to resolve issues while testing?
17. What is the difference between test scenarios, test cases and test script?
Difference between test scenarios and test cases is that
Test Scenarios: Test scenario is prepared before the actual testing starts, it includes plans for testing product, number of team members, environmental condition, making test cases, making test plans and all the features that are to be tested for the product.
Test Cases: It is a document that contains the steps that has to be executed, it has been planned earlier.
Test Script: It is written in a programming language and it's a short program used to test part of functionality of the software system. In other words a written set of steps that should be performed manually.
18. What is Latent defect?
Latent defect: This defect is an existing defect in the system which does not cause any failure as the exact set of conditions has never been met
19. What are the two parameters which can be useful to know the quality of test execution?
To know the quality of test execution we can use two parameters
20. What is the function of software testing tool "phantom"?
Phantom is a freeware, and is used for windows GUI automation scripting language. It allows to take control of windows and functions automatically. It can simulate any combination of key strokes and mouse clicks as well as menus, lists and more.
21. Explain what is Test Deliverables ?
Test Deliverables are set of documents, tools and other components that has to be developed and maintained in support of testing.
There are different test deliverables at every phase of the software development lifecycle
22. What is mutation testing?
Mutation testing is a technique to identify if a set of test data or test case is useful by intentionally introducing various code changes (bugs) and retesting with original test data/ cases to determine if the bugs are detected.
23. What all things you should consider before selecting automation tools for the AUT?
24. How will you conduct Risk Analysis?
For the risk analysis following steps need to be implemented
25. What are the categories of debugging?
Categories for debugging
26. What is fault masking explain with example?
When presence of one defect hides the presence of another defect in the system is known as fault masking.
Example : If the "Negative Value" cause a firing of unhandled system exception, the developer will prevent the negative values inpu. This will resolve the issue and hide the defect of unhandled exception firing.
27. Explain what is Test Plan ? What are the information that should be covered in Test Plan ?
A test plan can be defined as a document describing the scope, approach, resources and schedule of testing activities and a test plan should cover the following details.
28. How you can eliminate the product risk in your project ?
To eliminate product risk in your project, there is simple yet crucial step that can reduce the product risk in your project.
29. What are the common risk that leads to the project failure?
The common risk that leads to a project failure are
30. On what basis you can arrive to an estimation for your project?
To estimate your project , you have to consider following points
31. Explain how you would allocate task to team members ?
.......
32. Explain what is testing type and what are the commonly used testing type ?
To get an expected test outcome a standard procedure is followed which is referred as Testing Type.
Commonly used testing types are
33. While monitoring your project what all things you have to consider ?
The things that has to be taken in considerations are
34. What are the common mistakes which creates issues ?
35. What does a typical test report contains? What are the benefits of test reports?
A test report contains following things:
The benefits of test reports are:
36. What is test management review and why it is important?
Management review is also referred as Software Quality Assurance or SQA. SQA focusses more on the software process rather than the software work products. It is a set of activities designed to make sure that the project manager follows the standard process. SQA helps test manager to benchmark the project against the set standards.
37. What are the best practices for software quality assurance?
The best practices for an effective SQA implementation is
38. When is RTM (Requirement Traceability Matrix) prepared ?
RTM is prepared before test case designing. Requirements should be traceable from review activities.
39. What is difference between Test matrix and Traceability matrix?
Test Matrix: Test matrix is used to capture actual quality, effort, the plan, resources and time required to capture all phases of software testing
Traceability Matrix:Mapping between test cases and customer requirements is known as Traceability Matrix
40. In manual testing what are stubs and drivers?
Both stubs and drivers are part of incremental testing. In incremental testing there are two approaches namely bottom up and top down approach. Drivers are used in bottom up testing and stub is used for top down approach. In order to test the main module, stub is used, whuich is a dummy code or program .
41. What are the step you would follow once you find the defect?
Once defect is found you would follow the step
a) Recreate the defect
b) Attach the screen shot
c) Log the defect
42. Explain what is "Test Plan Driven" or "Key Word Driven" method of testing?
This technique uses the actual test case document developed by testers using a spread sheet containing special "key Words". The key words control the processing.
43. What is DFD (Data Flow Diagram) ?
When a "flow of data" through an information system is graphically represented then it is known as Data Flow Diagram. It is also used for the visualization of data processing.
44. Explain what is LCSAJ?
LCSAJ stands for 'linear code sequence and jump'. It consists of the following three items
a) Start of the linear sequence of executable statements
b) End of the linear sequence
c) The target line to which control flow is transferred at the end of the linear sequence
45. Explain what is N+1 testing?
The variation of regression testing is represented as N+1. In this technique the testing is performed in multiple cycles in which errors found in test cycle 'N' are resolved and re-tested in test cycle N+1. The cycle is repeated unless there are no errors found.
46. What is Fuzz testing and when it is used?
Fuzz testing is used to detect security loopholes and coding errors in software. In this technique random data is added to the system in attempt to crash the system. If vulnerability persists, a tool called fuzz tester is used to determine potential causes. This technique is more useful for bigger projects but only detects major fault.
47. Mention what are the main advantages of statement coverage metric of software testing?
The benefit of statement coverage metric is that
a) It does not require processing source code and can be applied directly to object code
b) Bugs are distributed evenly through code, due to which percentage of executable statements covered reflects the percentage of faults discovered
48. How to generate test cases for replace string method?
a) If characters in new string > characters in previous string. None of the characters should get truncated
b) If characters in new string< characters in previous string. Junk characters should not be added
c) Spaces after and before the string should not be deleted
d) String should be replaced only for the first occurrence of the string
49. How will you handle a conflict amogst your team members ?
50. Mention what are the categories of defects?
Mainly there are three defect categories
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